Frasi chiavi per la lingua inglese. Decima Serie: Phrasal Verbs. Advanced

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Sommario: 1. Phrasal verbs: a definition. -  2. Grammar of phrasal verbs. - 3. Phrasal nouns. -

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Phrasal verbs: a definition.

1. Phrasal verbs are verbs that consist of a verb and a particle (a preposition or adverb) or a verb and two particles (an adverb and a preposition).
2. They are identified by their grammar, but it is best to think of them as individual vocabulary items, to be learnt in phrases or chunks.
3. They often have a one-word equivalent.
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5. 
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Grammar of phrasal verbs

An old hotel

1. Some phrasal verbs take an object: transitive.
2. Others do not take an object: intransitive.
3. Transitive:
3.1 They’re knocking down the old hotel.
3.2 The plumber soon sorted out the shower problem.
3.3 She tied her hair back so he could work better.
4. Intransitive: The path branched of to the river.
5.
6. Cover: She always felt overshadowed by her older, more successful, sister.
7. Cross: He overstepped the mark when he said that.
8. Will you be staying overnight?
9. Under- may indicate less than the desidered amount (a), or something below another thing (b), or some kind of negative behaviour (c).
10. Less: Don’t underestimate the time it will take.

A door

11. Less: The company is seriously understaffed.
12. Below: It’s quiet wet underfoot? Did it rain last night?
13. Below: The underlying question is a very difficult one.
14. Negative: I wish you would not undermine everything I do.
15. Negative: He did it a very in a very underhand way.
16. Up- can suggest a change of some kind, often positive.
17. The airline upgraded me to businnes class.
18. There has been an upturn in the economy.
19. Cross- (from across) usually indicates a link between two separated things.
20. Cross-border cooperation has led to a number of arrests of drug smugglers.
21. Cross-cultural misunderstanding often happen.

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Phrasal nouns

A drink

1. Like phrasal verbs, phrasal nouns consist of a verb combined with a particle.

2. The particle may come before or after the verb.

3.
4. Jack invited me out: let’s go out together.
5. Rosie invited me in: Please come in!
6. Jil invited me over: Come to our place.
7. Paul invited me round: Come to my house for dinner or a drink.
8. Mark invited me up: come upstairs to my flat.
9. Susie invited me along: come with us!
10. Bill invited me back: come back home with me.

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Frasi chiavi per la lingua inglese. Nona Serie: Phrasal Verbs. Intermediate

Home || → 10ª Serie: Phrasal verbs 1

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Sommario: 1. Phrasal verbs: the basics. –  2.  Phrasal verbs: what they mean. – 3. Particle on phrasal verbs. -

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Phrasal verbs: the basics

1. Phrasal verbs are verbs that consist of a verb and a particle.
2. look up: You can look up any new words in your dictionary.
3. You can find the meaning of any new words in your dictionary.
4. get through: I tried to phone her but I couldn‘t get through.
5. I tried to phone her but I couldn’t get a connection.
6. make out: I just can’t make Jim out at all.
7. I just can’t understand Jim’s behaviour.
8. Particles are small words wich you already know as preposition or adverbs.
9. Here are some of the most common phrasal verb particles: about, (a)round, at, away, back, down, for, in, into, off, on, out, over, through, to, up.
10. You need to know the meaning of the whole phrasal verbs as a unit.

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Phrasal verbs: what they mean

A garden

1. Here are the most commons verbs that form part of phrasal verbs: break, bring, call, come, get, give, go, keep. knock, look, make, pass, pick, pull, put, run, set, take, turn.
2. The basic meanings in the verbs in fc2/1 refer to concrete actions, but when they are part of phrasal verbs, they often have abstract meaning too.
3. give: I gave my essay in yesterday.
4. Her parents finally gave in and let her go to the party.
5.
6. Cover: She always felt overshadowed by her older, more successful, sister.
7. Cross: He overstepped the mark when he said that.
8. Will you be staying overnight?
9. Under- may indicate less than the desidered amount (a), or something below another thing (b), or some kind of negative behaviour (c).
10. Less: Don’t underestimate the time it will take.

A door

11. Less: The company is seriously understaffed.
12. Below: It’s quiet wet underfoot? Did it rain last night?
13. Below: The underlying question is a very difficult one.
14. Negative: I wish you would not undermine everything I do.
15. Negative: He did it a very in a very underhand way.
16. Up- can suggest a change of some kind, often positive.
17. The airline upgraded me to businnes class.
18. There has been an upturn in the economy.
19. Cross- (from across) usually indicates a link between two separated things.
20. Cross-border cooperation has led to a number of arrests of drug smugglers.
21. Cross-cultural misunderstanding often happen.

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Particle in phrasal verbs

A drink

1. A particle is either a preposition or an adverb.

2.You can create phrasal verbs by adding different particles to a basic verbs.

3. In some phrasal verbs the particle has a clear basic meaning.
4. Jack invited me out: let’s go out together.
5. Rosie invited me in: Please come in!
6. Jil invited me over: Come to our place.
7. Paul invited me round: Come to my house for dinner or a drink.
8. Mark invited me up: come upstairs to my flat.
9. Susie invited me along: come with us!
10. Bill invited me back: come back home with me.

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Frasi chiavi per la lingua inglese. Ottava Serie: Vocabulary. Advanced

Home || → 9ª Serie: Phrasal Verb 1 

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Sommario: 1. Abbreviations and acronyms. –  2.  Prefixes: creating new meanings: Over-, Under-, Up-,  Cross. – 3. Suffixes: productive suffixes and word classes: -able, -conscious, -esque, - free, -rich, -led, -minded, -proof, -related, -ridden, -worthy. -

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Abbreviations and acronyms

1. Abbreviations are simply the shortening of words and expressions.
2. These are some common abbreviations from Latin:
3. e.g. for example, from exempli gratia.
4. i.e. that is, from id est.
5. NB note well, from nota bene.
6. AD the year of Our Lord, used to count years from the birth of Christ, from Anno Domini.

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Prefixes: creating new meanings 
Over-, Under-, Up-,  Cross-

A garden

1. Over- may indicated an excess of something (a), or something that covers or dominates something (b), or the crossing of some kind of barrier (c).
2. Excess: That film was overrated in my view.
3. Excess: It was a bad restaurant, with an overpriced menu.
4. Cover: In this program, you can choose to overwrite the existing file or to save it as a new file.
5. Cover: Our garden is overshadowed by the block of flats next door.
6. Cover: She always felt overshadowed by her older, more successful, sister.
7. Cross: He overstepped the mark when he said that.
8. Will you be staying overnight?
9. Under- may indicate less than the desidered amount (a), or something below another thing (b), or some kind of negative behaviour (c).
10. Less: Don’t underestimate the time it will take.

A door

11. Less: The company is seriously understaffed.
12. Below: It’s quiet wet underfoot? Did it rain last night?
13. Below: The underlying question is a very difficult one.
14. Negative: I wish you would not undermine everything I do.
15. Negative: He did it a very in a very underhand way.
16. Up- can suggest a change of some kind, often positive.
17. The airline upgraded me to businnes class.
18. There has been an upturn in the economy.
19. Cross- (from across) usually indicates a link between two separated things.
20. Cross-border cooperation has led to a number of arrests of drug smugglers.
21. Cross-cultural misunderstanding often happen.

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Suffixes: productive suffixes and word classes:
-able, -conscious, -esque, - free, -rich, -led, -minded, -proof, -related, -ridden, -worthy.

Jacket

1. Some suffisses are productive, i.e. used to create new words.

2. You therefore need to understand their meaning if you are reading contemporary English.

3. -able can be used productive, whereas -ible never is.
4. Note that -able means ‘can be’: a washable jacket is onte that can be washed.
5. In the word washable, wash is the root and able is the suffix.
6. Disposable nappies, predictable results, avoidable problems, a manageable situation.
7. -conscious: combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe people who consider one aspect of their lives especially important: health-conscious person, class-conscius society, safety-conscius company, time-conscius workforce.
8.  -esque combines with the names of of famous people to form adjectives that describe something or someone similar in style: Picassoesque paintings.
9. -free combines with nouns describing something undesiderable to form adjectives to describe nouns without that indesiderable aspect: stress-free diet, tax-free shop, additive-free foof.
10. -rich combines with nouns (often chemical or organic substances) to form adjectives to describe nouns with a lot of that substance: fibre-rich diet, calcium-rich foods.

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Frasi chiavi per la lingua inglese. Settima Serie: Vocabulary. High Intermediate

Home || →  8ª Serie: Vocabulary 5

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Sommario: 1. Learning vocabulary: general advice. –  2. Learning vocabulary: specific techniques. – 3. Organising a vocabulary notebook. - 

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Learnin vocabulary: general advice.

1. What do you need to learn?
2. How many words does the average English speaker use in everyday speech?
3. There are many words in English you din’t need at all.
4. There are other words that you need simply to understand when you read or hear them.
5. There are words which you need to be able to use yourself.
6. The most common words in English are the grammar words, wich you are already knows.

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Learning vocabulary: specific techniques

1. Learn words with associated meanings together.
2. Complete this bubble network for the word dog.
3. Add as many other bubbles as you like.
4. Learn words that form collocations together.
5. The best way to build your collocation knowledge is to notice what other words usually appear with the words you want to learn.
6. Learn words based on the same root together.
7. Pictures might help you remember vocabulary visually.

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Organizing a vocabulary notebook

A notebook

1. While you are learning vocabulary, you should keep a vocabulary notebook, either on paper or electronical.

2. There are many different ways to organize your notebook.

3. Organizing words by meaning.
4. Try dividing your notebook into general sections with different sections.
5. Using various types of diagram.

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Frasi chiavi per la lingua inglese. Sesta Serie: Vocabulary. Upper-intermediate.

Home || → 7ª Serie: Vocabulary 4

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Sommario: 1. Learning vocabulary: general advice. –  2. Learning vocabulary: aids to learning. – 3. Organising a vocabulary notebook. - 

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Learnin vocabulary: general advice.

1. Winston Churchill was famous for his particularly large vocabulary.
2. The most common words in English are the grammar words which you already know..
3. There are many words in English you din’t need at all.
4. There are other words that you need simply to understand when you read or hear them.
5. There are words which you need to be able to use yourself.
6. Clearly you need to spend most time learning this last group.

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Learning vocabulary: aids to learning

1. Learn words with associated meanings together.
2. Learning words together that are associated in meaning is a popular and useful was of organising your vocabulary study.
3. Learn words with a grammatical association together.
4. Learn together words based on the same root.
5. Using pictures and diagrams: pictures meght help you to remember vocabulary.
6. Word trees can be useful.
7. Word forks are good way of learning adjectives and verbs.

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Organising a vocabulary notebook

1. There is no one correct way to organise a vocabulary notebook, but is a good idea to think about a possible way of doing so.

2. Organising words by meaning.

3. Try dividing your notebook into different broad sections, which sections for words for feelings, words to describe place, words for movement, words for thinking, etc.
4. In each section you can build families of words related in meaning.
5. Using various types of diagram.

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Frasi chiavi per la lingua inglese. Quinta Serie: Vocabulary. Pre-intermediate and intermediate.

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Sommario: 1. Country, nationality and language. –  2. The phisical world. – 3. Wheater. - 

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Country, nationality and language

1. I come from Argentina, so I’m Argentinian and my first language is Spanish.
2. The capital is Buenos Aires, wich has a population of more than 10 million people.
3. The continents in the world are Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antartica.
4. We also use these terms for different parts of the world: the Middle East, the Far East, the Caribbean, Scandinavia.
5.
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The phisical world

1. Two thirds of the surface of the Earth is covered in water.
2. El Azizia in Libya is the hottest place in the world, where temperature is over 57 °C have been recorder.
3. The coldest place on earth is probably Vostok in Antarctica, which reached a temperature of minus 89 °C
4. The Krubera-Voronja Cave near the Black Sea coast in Georgia, is the deepest cave in the world.
5. It is over 2000 metres deep.
6. The Beljing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the longest canal in the world.
7. It is 1,794 kilometres long.

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Wheater

1. The sun is shining.

2. The wind is blowing.

3. It’s snowing.
4. It’s raining.
5. It is very cloudy this morning, but the sun came out after lunch.

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Frasi chiavi per la lingua inglese. Quarta Serie: Vocabulary. Elementary.

Home || →  5ª Serie: Vocabulary 2

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Sommario: 1. The family. –  2. Birth, marriage and death. – 3. Parts of the body. - 

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The family

1. Ivan is Anne’s husband and Karen and Karen and Jack’s father.
2. Anne is Anne’s husband and Karen and Jack’s mother.
3. Anne and Ivan are Karen and Jack’s parents.
4. Karen is Anne and Ivan’s daughter. Jack is their son.
5. Karen is Jack’s sister. Jack is Karen’s brother.
6. Karen is Jack’s sister. Jack is Karen’s brother.

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Birth, marriage and death

1. Anna had a baby yesterday.
2. He was born at 1.15 yesterday morning.
3. He weighed 3 kilograms.
4. They are going to call him John - after John, his grandfather.
5. His grandfather’s birthday is June 16th too - but he was born in 1945.
6. The baby’s parents were born in 1974.

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Parts of the body

1. Head and face: hair, eye, nose, tooth / teeth, ear, mouth, lip, neck.

2. Arm and leg: nail, thumb, finger, hand, shoulder, arm, leg, knee, foot / feet, toe.

3. Rest of body: chest, side, stomach, back, waist, hip.
4. We have skin covering our bodies.
5. Inside the body: heart, brain, blood.

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