mercoledì 17 ottobre 2018

Inglese: lesson 6/iii.de/Ausdrücke

B. Home. Lesson: 05. ↔︎ 07.
Duo-it  Duo-en Duo-de
Stories: - Cuentos - Words - Grammar -
LESSON 1. ita/de
Stories: 1. Good morning. - Guten Morgen. - Buena Dia, - Bonjour. -
1. Good Morning! - 2. Good morning, honey. - 3. Good morning, Lauren! - 4. Where is my Spanish book? - 5. Your book? - 6. I have an important Spanish exam this morning. - 7. I need my book. - 8. Lauren, your book is here on the table! - 9. Sorry, honey. I'm tired. I work a lot! - 10. Do you want some coffee? - 11. Yes, with milk please. - 12. OK. Here. - 13. Lauren puts sugar in the coffee. - 14. she drinks her coffee. - 15. yuck! - 17. What? - 18. It's salt! - 19. Lauren, you are very tired! - 20. Yes, I need a new cup of coffee... with sugar, not salt!

Lesson 6/iii.de/Ausdrücke
Gr6.
Les6.
school: 01-01-20 -
f/1.
1. Bitte nicht! Please no. - 2. Please no! Bitte nicht! - 3. Ja, yes. - 4. Hello, Julia.  Hallo, Julia. - 5. Thschüss. Bye. - 6. Thank you. Danke! - 7. Danke, tschüss. Thanks, bye. - 8. Hello and bye. Hallo und Tschüss. - 9. Ja, er ist ein Junge. Yes, he is a boy. - 10. Yes, he is a boy. Ja, er ist ein Junge. - 11. Ja, danke! Yes, thank you! - 12. No, thanks. Nein, danke! - 13. Hallo und tschüss!  Hello and bye! - 14. Hello, Julia. hallo, Julia! - 15. Danke, tschüss! Thanks, bye. - 16. Please. Bitte! - 17. Thank you, bye! Danke, tschüss! - 18. Bitte nicht. Please no! -
• EC: school, noun.  a. The kids are going to school. b. arrive at school. -
– a. an educational institution: the school was founded in 1900. - b. a building where young people receive education: the school was built in 1932; he walked to school every morning. - c. the process of being formallyeducated at a school:  what will you do when you finish school? - d. a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similars teachers: the Venetian school of painting. - e. the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session: stay after school: he didn't miss a single day of school.
• TLes/01-01-20: pleasant, agradable, adjective. The atmosphere of the restaurant is very pleasant: El ambiente del restaurante es muy agradable.
•TLpt/01-01-20: fresh, fresco. I enjoy the fresh air in the mountains: Eu desfruto o ar fresco das montanhas.
 
f/2.
19.  Es geht mir gut. I am fine. I am well. - 20. Good morning, how are you? Guten Morgen, wie geht es dir? - 21. Ich bin kein Junge. I am not a boy. - 22. Hello, how are you? Hallo, wie geht es dir? - 23. Ich bin kein Mädchen. I am not a girl. - 24. I am sorry. Es tut mir leid! - 25. Mir geht es gut, danke. I am doing fine, thanks. - 26. Thschüss, gute Nacht. Bye, good night. - 27. I am not a girl. Ich bin kein Mädchen. - 28. Gute Nacht. Good Night. - 29. Thanks, good night. Danke, gute Nacht. - 30. Danke und gern geschehen. Thank you and you are welcome. - 31. Good Morning. Guten Morgen. - 32. Sorry. Entuschuldigung. - 33. You are welcome. Gern geschehen. - 34. Fine, thank you. Gut, danke schön. - 35. How are you? Wie geht's? - 36. Good morning, how are you? Guten Morgen, wie geht es dir? -



Bottom. Top.↑ → Lesson 3.

Inglese Duolingo Lesson 10/v.de/Tiere.

B. Home. Lesson: 09. ↔︎ 11.
Duo-it  Duo-en Duo-de
Stories: - Cuentos - Words - Grammar -
LESSON 1. ita/de
Stories: 1. Good morning. - Guten Morgen. - Buena Dia, - Bonjour. -
1. Good Morning! - 2. Good morning, honey. - 3. Good morning, Lauren! - 4. Where is my Spanish book? - 5. Your book? - 6. I have an important Spanish exam this morning. - 7. I need my book. - 8. Lauren, your book is here on the table! - 9. Sorry, honey. I'm tired. I work a lot! - 10. Do you want some coffee? - 11. Yes, with milk please. - 12. OK. Here. - 13. Lauren puts sugar in the coffee. - 14. she drinks her coffee. - 15. yuck! - 17. What? - 18. It's salt! - 19. Lauren, you are very tired! - 20. Yes, I need a new cup of coffee... with sugar, not salt!
 
Gr10.
Les10/v.de/Tiere.
a/1.
1. Vogel.  Bird. - 2. Ente, duck. - 3. A duck is a bird. Eine Ente ist ein Vogel. - 4. Hund, dog. - 5. Elephant. Elephant. - 6. Goodbye, elephant! Tschüss, Elefant. - 7. You are not a turtle. Du bist keine Schildkröte. - 8. The girl has a horse. Das Mädchen has ein Pferd. - 9. The horse eats an apple. Das Pferd frisst einen Apfel. - 10. The dog and the cat. Der Hund und die Katze. - 11. Der Elefant frisst das Brot. The elephant eats this bread. - 12. I have a cat. Ich habe eine Katze. - 13. Der Vogel und die Katze. The bird and the cat. - 14. You have a duck. Du hast eine Ente. - 15. Das Pferd trinkt Wasser. The horse drinks water. - 16. Ich habe eine Katze und einen Hund. I have a cat and a dog. - 17. Die Schildkröte frisst Reis. The turtle eats rice. - 18. A duck is a bird. Eine Ente ist ein Vogel. -
 
Bottom. Top.↑ → Lesson 11.

Inglese: Lesson 7/iv.ita/Cibo.

B. Home. Lesson: 06. ↔︎ 08.
Duo-it  Duo-en Duo-de
Stories: - Cuentos - Words - Grammar -
LESSON 1. ita/de
Stories: 1. Good morning. - Guten Morgen. - Buena Dia, - Bonjour. -
1. Good Morning! - 2. Good morning, honey. - 3. Good morning, Lauren! - 4. Where is my Spanish book? - 5. Your book? - 6. I have an important Spanish exam this morning. - 7. I need my book. - 8. Lauren, your book is here on the table! - 9. Sorry, honey. I'm tired. I work a lot! - 10. Do you want some coffee? - 11. Yes, with milk please. - 12. OK. Here. - 13. Lauren puts sugar in the coffee. - 14. she drinks her coffee. - 15. yuck! - 17. What? - 18. It's salt! - 19. Lauren, you are very tired! - 20. Yes, I need a new cup of coffee... with sugar, not salt!
 
Gr7.
 
Les7/iv.ita/Cibo.
 
f/1. 
1. Io mangio la carne. I eat meat. - 2. The men eat fruit. Gli uomini mangiano la frutta. - 3. We eat the food. Mangiamo il cibo. - 4. We eat cheese and they eat fish. Noi mangiamo formaggio e loro mangiano pesce. - 5. The boy eats a strawberry. Il ragazzo mangia una fragola. - 6. They have wine. Loro hanno vino. - 7. I have an orange plate. Ho un piatto arancione. - 8. We have oil. Abbiamo dell'olio. - 9. A woman eats a sandwich and an orange. Una donna mangia un panino e un'arancia. - 10. I drink wine. Io bevo il vino. - 11. We eat the meat. Noi mangiamo la carne. - 12. I drink the oil. Io bevo l'olio. - 13. The woman drinks fruit juice. La donna beve succo di frutta. - 14. It is an orange. È un'arancia. - 15. La ragazza mangia la frutta. The girl eats the fruit. - 16. I eat food. Mangio il cibo. - 17. Il ragazzo mangia una fragola. The boy eats a strawberry. - 18. La ragazza mangia una fragola. The girl eats a strawberry. - 19. Il pane e il vino. The bread and the wine. - 20. Lui mangia il cibo. He eats the food. - 21. I eat food. mangio il cibo. -

 
Bottom. Top.↑ → Lesson 3.

Duo Lesson 9/v.ita/Animali

B. Home. Lesson: 08. ↔︎ 10.
Duo-it  Duo-en Duo-de
Stories: - Cuentos - Words - Grammar -
LESSON 1. ita/de
Stories: 1. Good morning. - Guten Morgen. - Buena Dia, - Bonjour. -
1. Good Morning! - 2. Good morning, honey. - 3. Good morning, Lauren! - 4. Where is my Spanish book? - 5. Your book? - 6. I have an important Spanish exam this morning. - 7. I need my book. - 8. Lauren, your book is here on the table! - 9. Sorry, honey. I'm tired. I work a lot! - 10. Do you want some coffee? - 11. Yes, with milk please. - 12. OK. Here. - 13. Lauren puts sugar in the coffee. - 14. she drinks her coffee. - 15. yuck! - 17. What? - 18. It's salt! - 19. Lauren, you are very tired! - 20. Yes, I need a new cup of coffee... with sugar, not salt!
 
Gr9.
Lesson 9/v.ita/Animali.
f/1.
1. I have a duck. Io ho un'anatra. - 2. The cat drink milk. La gatta beve il latte. - 3. You have a duck. Tu hai un'anatra. - 4. The girl has an horse. La ragazza ha un cavallo. - 5. L'elefante mangia la mela. The elephant eats the apple. - 6. The turtle eats the apple. La tartaruga mangia la mela. - 7. Un orso è un animale. The bear is an animal. - 8. Is it a bird? È un uccello? - 9. L'anatra beve il latte. The duck drinks the milk. - 10. You are not a turtle. Non sei una tartaruga. - 11. Il cane mangia l'uccello. The dog eats the bird. - 12. The turtle eats an apple. La tartaruga mangia una mela. - 13. Il gatto mangia l'uccello. The cat eats the bird. - 14. The elephant drinks milk. L'elefante beve il latte. - 15. Ho un gatto e un cane. I have a cat and a dog. - 16. The bear eats the mouse. L'orso mangia il topo. - 17. The horse drinks water. Il cavallo beve l'acqua. - 18. The horse eats rice. Il cavallo mangia il riso. - 19. we have a bear. Abbiamo un orso. - 20. The man has an elephant. L'uomo ha un elefante. - 21. Is it a bird? È un uccello? - 22. The bear eats the mouse. L'orso mangia il topo. -
 
Bottom. Top.↑ → Lesson 10.

Inglese: Lesson 8/iv.de/Essen.

B. Home. Lesson: 07. ↔︎ 09.
Duo-it  Duo-en Duo-de
Stories: - Cuentos - Words - Grammar -
LESSON 1. ita/de
Stories: 1. Good morning. - Guten Morgen. - Buena Dia, - Bonjour. -
1. Good Morning! - 2. Good morning, honey. - 3. Good morning, Lauren! - 4. Where is my Spanish book? - 5. Your book? - 6. I have an important Spanish exam this morning. - 7. I need my book. - 8. Lauren, your book is here on the table! - 9. Sorry, honey. I'm tired. I work a lot! - 10. Do you want some coffee? - 11. Yes, with milk please. - 12. OK. Here. - 13. Lauren puts sugar in the coffee. - 14. she drinks her coffee. - 15. yuck! - 17. What? - 18. It's salt! - 19. Lauren, you are very tired! - 20. Yes, I need a new cup of coffee... with sugar, not salt!
 
Gr8.
Les8/iv.de/Essen.
a/1.
1. Kaffee, coffee. - 2. Orange, orange. - 3. The woman drinks coffee. Die Frau trinkt Kaffee. - 4. Wein, wine. - 5. Huhn, chicken. - 6. She eats chicken. Sie isst Hänchen. - 7. It is a plate. Es ist ein Teller. - 8. He eats an egg. Er isst ein Ei. - 9. A man eats an egg. Ein Mann isst ein Ei. - 10. She eats fish. Sie isst Fisch. - 11. Das Hänchen. The chicken. - 12. The woman eats an orange. Die Frau isst eine Orange. - 13. Die Frau trinkt Wein. The woman drinks wine. - 14. We drink wine. Wir trinken Wein. - 15. Die Kinder haben Fisch. The children have fisch. - 16. Ein Teller, a plate. - 17. ich trinke Kaffee. I drink coffee.
 
Bottom. Top.↑ → Lesson 3.

Inglese: Lesson 5/iii.ita/Frasi.

B Home. Lesson: 04. ↔︎ 06.
Duo-it  Duo-en Duo-de
Stories: - Cuentos - Words - Grammar -
LESSON 1. ita/de
Stories: 1. Good morning. - Guten Morgen. - Buena Dia, - Bonjour. -
1. Good Morning! - 2. Good morning, honey. - 3. Good morning, Lauren! - 4. Where is my Spanish book? - 5. Your book? - 6. I have an important Spanish exam this morning. - 7. I need my book. - 8. Lauren, your book is here on the table! - 9. Sorry, honey. I'm tired. I work a lot! - 10. Do you want some coffee? - 11. Yes, with milk please. - 12. OK. Here. - 13. Lauren puts sugar in the coffee. - 14. she drinks her coffee. - 15. yuck! - 17. What? - 18. It's salt! - 19. Lauren, you are very tired! - 20. Yes, I need a new cup of coffee... with sugar, not salt!

LESSON 5/iii.ita/Frasi.
f/1.
1. Bye, good night. Ciao, buona notte. Arrivederci. - 2. He is sorry. Gli dispiace. - 3. No, he is not a boy. No, non è un ragazzo. - 4. An apple, please. Una mela, per favore. - 5. Thank you and you are welcome. Grazie e prego. - 6. Please, no. Per favore no! - 7. Per favore, bevi l'acqua. Please, drink the water. - 8. Welcome, girl! Benvenuta, ragazza! - 9. No, grazie. No, thank you. - 10. I am not a man. Non sono un uomo. - 11. Io sto bene. I am fine. I am well. - 12. Bye. Ciao! - 13. Le dispiace. She is sorry. - 14. I am fine, thanks. Sto bene, grazie. - 15. No, mi dispiace. No, I am sorry. - 16. Thanks and good night. Grazie e buona notte. - 17. I am not a boy. Io non sono un ragazzo. - 18. Thank you, bye. Grazie, ciao. - 19. Fine, thank you. Bene, grazie. - 20. Thank you and you are welcome. Grazie e prego. -

 
Bottom. Top.↑ → Lesson 6.

Inglese Duolingo: Lesson 4/ii.de/Grundl. 2.

B. Home. Lesson 3. ↔︎ Lesson 5.
Duo-it  Duo-en Duo-de
Stories: - Cuentos - Words - Grammar -
1. Good Morning! - 2. Good morning, honey. - 3. Good morning, Lauren! - 4. Where is my Spanish book? - 5. Your book? - 6. I have an important Spanish exam this morning. - 7. I need my book. - 8. Lauren, your book is here on the table! - 9. Sorry, honey. I'm tired. I work a lot! - 10. Do you want some coffee? - 11. Yes, with milk please. - 12. OK. Here. - 13. Lauren puts sugar in the coffee. - 14. she drinks her coffee. - 15. yuck! - 17. What? - 18. It's salt! - 19. Lauren, you are very tired! - 20. Yes, I need a new cup of coffee... with sugar, not salt!

LESSON 4/ii.de/Grundl. 2.
Gr4.
 
Les4.
f/1.
1. You read. Du liest. - 2. He reads the newspaper. Er liest die Zeitung. - 3. You are a man. Du bist ein Mann. - 4. I have a newspaper. Ich habe eine Zeitung. - 5. You are children. Ihr seid Kinder. - 6. Boys and girls. Jungen und Mädchen. - 7. Die Mädchen und die Jungen. The girls and the boys. - 8. I read the menu. Ich lese die Speisekarte. - 9. Es ist eine Speisekarte. It is a menu. - 10. Boys drink milk. Jungen trinken Milch. - 11. Wir haben die Speisekarte. We have the menu. - 12. The boys are children. Die Jungen sind Kinder. - 13. Es ist ein Sandwich. It is a sandwich. - 14. She reads the newspaper. Sie liest die Zeitung. - 15. Du bist ein Mädchen. You are a girl. - 16. We have a girl. Wir haben ein Mädchen. - 17. Er trinkt Milch. He drinks milk. - 18. Die girls drink milk. Die Mädchen trinken Milch. - 19. He reads. Er liest. - 20. The children eat bread. Die Kinder essen Brot. - 21. Er trinkt Milch. Er drinks milk.








 
Bottom. Top.↑ → Lesson 5.

Inglese: Lesson 2/i.de/Grundl. 1

B. Home. Lesson 01. ↔︎ 03.
Duo-it  Duo-en Duo-de
Stories: - Cuentos - Words - Grammar -
Stories: 1. Good morning. - Guten Morgen. - Buena Dia, - Bonjour. -
1. Good Morning! - 2. Good morning, honey. - 3. Good morning, Lauren! - 4. Where is my Spanish book? - 5. Your book? - 6. I have an important Spanish exam this morning. - 7. I need my book. - 8. Lauren, your book is here on the table! - 9. Sorry, honey. I'm tired. I work a lot! - 10. Do you want some coffee? - 11. Yes, with milk please. - 12. OK. Here. - 13. Lauren puts sugar in the coffee. - 14. she drinks her coffee. - 15. yuck! - 17. What? - 18. It's salt! - 19. Lauren, you are very tired! - 20. Yes, I need a new cup of coffee... with sugar, not salt!

LESSON 2/i.de/Grundl. 1.
Gr2. - Tips.

Einfache Gegenwart (simple present)

Bei he, she und it und bei allen Substantiven, die durch he, she oder it ersetzt werden können, wird an das Verb ein s angehängt. Aus der Schule ist vielleicht noch der alte Merkspruch He, she, it, das S muss mit bekannt.

Deutsch Englisch
Ich esse I eat
Du isst You eat
Er isst He eats
Sie isst She eats
Es isst It eats
Wir essen We eat
Ihr esst You eat
Sie essen (mehrere Personen) They eat
Sie essen (höfliche Anrede) You eat

Du, ihr oder Sie?

Im Englischen gibt es keine Unterscheidung zwischen Duzen und Siezen. Sowohl du als auch ihr und Sie lassen sich mit you übersetzen.

a oder an?

Wenn das unmittelbar folgende Wort mit einem Konsonanten beginnt, verwendet man a, und wenn das folgende Wort mit einem Vokal beginnt, verwendet man an.

Achtung: Ausschlaggebend ist dabei die Aussprache. Manchmal werden Buchstaben, die als Vokale gelten, als Konsonanten ausgesprochen wie z.B. bei university (Universität). Der erste Ton klingt wie ein deutsches J. Daher sagt man a university statt an university. Manchmal bleibt der erste Buchstabe auch stumm wie zum Beispiel bei hour (Stunde). Da der erste Ton ein Vokal ist, sagt man also an hour statt a hour.

Ein paar Beispiele:

Konsonant Vokal
a drink (ein Getränk) an apple (ein Apfel)
a girl (ein Mädchen) an idea (eine Idee)
a boy (ein Junge) an hour (eine Stunde)
a good idea (eine gute Idee) an open window (ein offenes Fenster)

Bundesdeutsches Hochdeutsch

Da wir aus diversen Gründen nicht alle Varianten der deutschen Sprache berücksichtigen können, akzeptieren wir bei den Übersetzungen nur bundesdeutsches Hochdeutsch. Austriazismen, Helvetismen und Dialektformen werden also zum Beispiel nicht akzeptiert.

Wir bitten um Verständnis.

 
Les2.
f/1.
1. Am I a man? Bin ich ein Mann? - 2. I drink and I eat. Ich trinke und ich esse. - 3. I eat an apple and she eats bread. Ich esse einen Apfel und sie isst Brot. - 4. The boy drinks water. Der Junge trinkt Wasser. - 5. He is a man and I am a boy. Er ist ein Mann und ich bin ein Junge.  - 6. A man drinks. Ein Mann trinkt. - 7. Is she a woman? Ist sie eine Frau? - 8. I drink water. Ich trinke Wasser. - 9. A girl, a boy and a woman eat. Ein Mädchen, ein Junge und eine Frau essen. - 10. He drinks water. Er trinkt Wasser. - 11. A woman and a man eat an apple. Eine Frau und einen Mann essen einen Apfel. - 12. The boy eats bread. Der Junge isst Brot. - 13. The woman eats an apple. Die Frau isst einen Apfel. - 14. The woman drinks. Die Frau trinkt. - 15. Ist sie neu? Is she new? - 16. He drinks the water. Er trinkt das Wasser. - 17. Das Mädchen isst Brot. The girl eats bread. - 18. Ich trinke. I drink. - 19. Sie isst einen Apfel. She eats an apple. - 20. The boy eats bread. Der Junge isst Brot. -


 
Bottom. Top.↑ → Lesson 3.

Inglese Duolingo: lesson 3/ii.ita/Le basi 2.

B. Home. Lesson: 02. ↔︎ 04.
Duo-it  Duo-en Duo-de
Stories: - Cuentos - Words - Grammar -

Stories: 1. Good morning. - Guten Morgen. - Buena Dia, - Bonjour. -
1. Good Morning! - 2. Good morning, honey. - 3. Good morning, Lauren! - 4. Where is my Spanish book? - 5. Your book? - 6. I have an important Spanish exam this morning. - 7. I need my book. - 8. Lauren, your book is here on the table! - 9. Sorry, honey. I'm tired. I work a lot! - 10. Do you want some coffee? - 11. Yes, with milk please. - 12. OK. Here. - 13. Lauren puts sugar in the coffee. - 14. she drinks her coffee. - 15. yuck! - 17. What? - 18. It's salt! - 19. Lauren, you are very tired! - 20. Yes, I need a new cup of coffee... with sugar, not salt!

LESSON 3/ii.ita/Le basi 2.
Gr3. Le basi 2.

I verbi in inglese di solito hanno due forme nel presente:

Pronome Verbo
I, you, we, they eat
he, she, it eats

Il verbo to be invece ha tre forme, che sono irregolari:

Pronome Verbo
I am
he, she, it is
you, we, theyare
 
 
Les3/ii.ita/La basi 2.
f/1.
1. Lei legge un giornale. She reads a newspaper. - 2. The women eats a sandwich. Le donne mangiano un panino. - 3. Le donne bevono acqua. The women drink water. - 4. The men drink. Gli uomini bevono. - 5. Le ragazze. The girls. - 6. The men read the newspaper. Gli uomini leggono il giornale. - 7. We are children. Noi siamo bambini. - 8. We are children. Noi siamo bambini. - 9. The girls read a newspaper. Le ragazze leggono un giornale. - 10. You have children. Tu hai figli. - 11. The men drink the water. Gli uomini bevono l'acqua. - 12. She eats a sandwich. Lei mangia un panino. - 13. Io leggo un giornale. I read a newspaper. - 14. She reads. Lei legge. - 15. Tu mangi un panino. You eat a sandwich. - 16. Women and girls. Donne e ragazze. - 17. Lui legge. He reads. - 18. She has a book. Ha un libro. - 19. We read a book. Noi leggiamo un libro. - 20. I have children. Io ho figli. - 21. A book, un libro. - 22. You have children. Tu hai figli. -

 
Bottom. Top.↑ → Lesson 4.

Inglese Duolingo: Lesson 1/i.ita/Le basi 1.

B. Home. ↔︎ Lesson 2.
Duo-it  Duo-en Duo-de
Stories: - Cuentos - Words - Grammar -
1. Good Morning! - 2. Good morning, honey. - 3. Good morning, Lauren! - 4. Where is my Spanish book? - 5. Your book? - 6. I have an important Spanish exam this morning. - 7. I need my book. - 8. Lauren, your book is here on the table! - 9. Sorry, honey. I'm tired. I work a lot! - 10. Do you want some coffee? - 11. Yes, with milk please. - 12. OK. Here. - 13. Lauren puts sugar in the coffee. - 14. she drinks her coffee. - 15. yuck! - 17. What? - 18. It's salt! - 19. Lauren, you are very tired! - 20. Yes, I need a new cup of coffee... with sugar, not salt!

LESSON 1./i.ita/Le basi. 
Le basi 1

Benvenuti al corso di inglese!

I pronomi personali

I pronomi personali in inglese sono i seguenti:

I - io

you - tu, Lei, voi ("You" può essere sia singolare che plurale.)

he - egli, lui

she - ella, lei

it - esso, essa

we - noi

they - loro, essi, esse

In inglese, non si può omettere il soggetto del verbo a meno che non sia un comando.

Gli articoli

In inglese, gli articoli sono solo due: the (articolo determinativo: il, la, lo, i, le, gli) e a (articolo indefinito: un, una, uno). Prima di una vocale, a diventa an:

a woman, a boy

an apple, an octopus

Si fa un'eccezione per le parole che, nonostante la prima lettera è una vocale, hanno il suono di una consonante, per esempio "university" (pronuncia: "yuniversity") e "one" (pronuncia: "won"). Con queste parole, si usa "a":

a university

Un'altra eccezione sono le parole con l'H muta, che usano "an":

an hour

Les/1.
f/1.
1. Io sono il ragazzo. I am the boy. - 2. A boy and a girl eat. Un ragazzo e una ragazza mangiano. - 3. He is a man and I am a boy. Lui è un uomo e io sono un ragazzo. - 4. He is a man and she is a woman. Lui è un uomo e lei è una donna. - 5. The woman eats the apple. La donna mangia la mela. - 6. I eat. io mangio. - 7. A woman and an apple. Una donna e una mela. - 8. A boy. Un ragazzo. - 9. The boy eats the apple. Il ragazzo mangia la mela. - 10. I drink and I eat. Bevo e mangio. - 11. She eats bread, I drink water. Lei mangia del pane, io bevo acqua. - 12. He is a boy. Lui è un ragazzo. - 13. Una donna e una mela. A woman and an apple. - 14. I drink water. Io bevo acqua. - 15. Una ragazza, un uomo, un ragazzo. A girl, a man, a boy. - 16. Una ragazza, a girl. - 17. Una ragazza, una donna. A girl, a woman. - 18. Io sono il ragazzo. I am the boy. - 19. He is a man and I am a boy. Lui è un uomo e io sono un ragazzo. - 20. Io sono il ragazzo. I am the boy. -


Bottom. Top.↑ → Lesson 2.

giovedì 17 maggio 2018

§ 1a. Phonetics - The alphabet: A.

  B. E. H. § 0. 1b.
HS - H1 - H2 - Duden.
  0. ← § 1a. → 2a.

Sez. a - b - c -

Das Alphabet: A.

DUDEN AUSPRACHE
Iniziale:

•• 
•••
••••
Mediana:
• – Hans: Betonung: Hạns
– Karin:  Betonung: Karin
••
•••
••••
 Tag - Danke - Marken - Mark - was - das - Papier - Platz - Flasche - machen - macht - manchmal - Mann - Männer - Germanistik - sagt - sagen - Spanisch - Sprache - sprechen - Mantel - Jacke - Schrank - Schänke - Regal - Regale - schwarz - Bad - zwanzig - Familie - haben - habe - habt - Tasse - Tassen - Glas - Gabel - Limonade - dann - Gabel - Gabeln - Dias - krank - langsam - Tonband - Kaffee -  Stadt - Quadrat - Substantiv - maskulin -
Saal -
Sahne - bezahlt - bezahle - zählen -
gefällt - Gläser - zählen -
Fräulein -
-  - kaufen - kauft - kaufe - kaufst - Frau -   Einkauf - braun - grau - blau - Kaufhaus - brauche - brauchen - brauchst -
Finale:

••
•••
••••
 Ja - lila -

DUDEN PODCAST
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ESERCIZI E WORTSCHATZ
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venerdì 6 aprile 2018

Lingua inglese: Hauptseite: Grammatiche - Esercizi - Letteratura.

B. Hauptseite. | → § 1.
Greco  -  LatinoTedescoSanscrito.
Inglese   - Francese  -  Arabo - Ebraico.
Portoghese - Polacco - Russo - Italiano.
Spagnolo - Internet Archive.
Vengono qui raccolti e riuniti tutti i link che riguardano la lingua inglese, dal suo studio su grammatiche varie, con annessi esercizi, e letteratura di vario genere in lingua tedesca. Delle homepages parziali sono redatte a parte e qui vengono raccolte tutte in modo che l’utente abbia da qui un luogo virtuale verso tutte le direzioni ed al quale può sempre ritornare per orientarsi e intraprendere un nuovo viaggio virtuale. Gli aggiornamenti e le revisioni sono sempre in progress.



mercoledì 7 marzo 2018

Teologi inglesi online: Homepage.

B.  nn. 1-10. ↔︎ 11-20.
Biblioteca Gallica.
Google Libri.
TEOLOGI INGLESI ONLINE
Homepage.

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 1.

Bible King James Version (1611):

•  Homepage: § 1. Introduction. – § 2. Preface: The Translator to the Reader. – § 3. Preface: Section 2. - § 4. Preface: Section 3. - § 5: Genesis 1-6. - § 6: Genesi 7-12. -

Top.

Giuristi inglesi online: Homepage.

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 1.

James Kent (1763-1847):

•  Commentaries on American Law:

Top.

Poeti inglesi online: Homepage.

B.  nn. 1-10. ↔︎ 11-20.
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 1.

Edmund Spenser (1552-1599):

•  Homepage.

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Scrittori inglesi online: Homepage.

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 1.

Charles Dickens (1812-1870):

•  Homepage.

 2.

Giacomo Casanova (1725-1798):

Giacomo Casanova, tradotto in inglese: Homepage.


 3.

Oskar Wilde (1854-1900):

Oscar Wilde: Homepage.

Top.

Storici inglesi online: Homepage.

B.  nn. 1-10. ↔︎ 11-20.
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 1.

Edward Gibbon (1737-1794):

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Homepage.

 2.

Heyndrik Van Loon (1882-1944):


The Story of Mankind

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Filosofi inglesi online: Homepage.

B.  nn. 1-10. ↔︎ 11-20.
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 1.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679):

• Blog: Thomas Hobbes Studien.




 2.

David Hume (1711-1775):



David Hume.



 3.

Goerge Berkeley (1685-1753):



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Teatro inglese online: Homepage.

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William Shakeapeare (1564-1616):




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martedì 6 marzo 2018

Economisti inglesi online: 1. Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations. - § 3: of the division of labour..

B. Home. §2. ↔︎ §4.
Testo online.
ADAM SMITH
The Wealth of Nations.
Prima edizione originale: 1776.


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§ 3.

Of the division of labour.

BOOK I

OF THE CAUSES OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTIVE POWERS OF LABOUR, AND OF THE ORDER ACCORDING TO WHICH ITS PRODUCE IS NATURALLY DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE DIFFERENT RANKS OF THE PEOPLE.

CHAPTER I
OF THE DIVISION OF LABOUR

Contents.
Testo: B. I Ch i.
THE greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour, and the greater part of the skill, dexterity, and judgment with which it is anywhere directed, or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of labour.

The effects of the division of labour, in the general business
of society, will be more easily understood by considering in
what manner it operates in some particular manufactures. It
is commonly supposed to be carried furthest in some very
trifling ones; not perhaps that it really is carried further in
them than in others of more importance: but in those trifling
manufactures which are destined to supply the small wants of
but a small number of people, the whole number of workmen
must necessarily be small; and those employed in every different
branch of the work can often be collected into the same work
house, and placed at once under the view of the spectator. In
those great manufactures, on the contrary, which are destined
to supply the great wants of the great body of the people, every
different branch of the work employs so great a number of
workmen that it is impossible to collect them all into the same
workhouse. We can seldom see more, at one time, than those
employed in one single branch. Though in such manufactures,
therefore, the work may really be divided into a much greater
number of parts than in those of a more trifling nature, the
division is not near so obvious, and has accordingly been much
less observed.

To take an example, therefore, from a very trifling manu
facture; but one in which the division of labour has been very

4



The Division of Labour 5

often taken notice of, the trade of the pin-maker; a workman
not educated to this business (which the division of labour has
rendered a distinct trade), nor acquainted with the use of the
machinery employed in it (to the invention of which the same
division of labour has probably given occasion), could scarce,
perhaps, with his utmost industry, make one pin in a day, and
certainly could not make twenty. But in the way in which this
business is now carried on, not only the whole work is a peculiar
trade, but it is divided into a number of branches, of which the
greater part are likewise peculiar trades. One man draws out
the wire, another straights it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it,
a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head; to make the
head requires two or three distinct operations; to put it on is
a peculiar business, to whiten the pins is another; it is even a
trade by itself to put them into the paper; and the important
business of making a pin is, in this manner, divided into about
eighteen distinct operations, which, in some manufactories, are
all performed by distinct hands, though in others the same man
will sometimes perform two or three of them. I have seen a
small manufactory of this kind where ten men only were em
ployed, and where some of them consequently performed two
or three distinct operations. But though they were very poor,
and therefore but indifferently accommodated with the neces
sary machinery, they could, when they exerted themselves,
make among them about twelve pounds of pins in a day. There
are in a pound upwards of four thousand pins of a middling
size. Those ten persons, therefore, could make among them
upwards of forty-eight thousand pins in a day. Each person,
therefore, making a tenth part of forty-eight thousand pins,
might be considered as making four thousand eight hundred
pins in a day. But if they had all wrought separately and
independently, and without any of them having been educated
to this peculiar business, they certainly could not each of them
have made twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day; that is,
certainly, not the two hundred and fortieth, perhaps not the
four thousand eight hundredth part of what they are at present
capable of performing, in consequence of a proper division and
combination of their different operations.

In every other art and manufacture, the effects of the division
of labour are similar to what they are in this very trifling one;
though, in many of them, the labour can neither be so much
subdivided, nor reduced to so great a simplicity of operation.
The division of labour, however, so far as it can be introduced,



6 The Wealth of Nations

occasions, in every art, a proportionable increase of the produc
tive powers of labour. The separation of different trades and
employments from one another seems to have taken place in
consequence of this advantage. This separation, too, is generally
carried furthest in those countries which enjoy the highest
degree of industry and improvement; what is the work of one
man in a rude state of society being generally that of several
in an improved one. In every improved society, the farmer is
generally nothing but a farmer; the manufacturer, nothing but
a manufacturer. The labour, too, which is necessary to produce
any one complete manufacture is almost always divided among
a great number of hands. How many different trades are em
ployed in each branch of the linen and woollen manufactures
from the growers of the flax and the wool, to the bleachers and
smoothers of the linen, or to the dyers and dressers of the cloth !
The nature of agriculture, indeed, does not admit of so many
subdivisions of labour, nor of so complete a separation of one
business from another, as manufactures. It is impossible to
separate so entirely the business of the grazier from that of the
corn-farmer as the trade of the carpenter is commonly separated
from that of the smith. The spinner is almost always a distinct
person from the weaver; but the ploughman, the harrower, the
sower of the seed, and the reaper of the corn, are often the
same. The occasions for those different sorts of labour return
ing with the different seasons of the year, it is impossible that
one man should be constantly employed in any one of them.
This impossibility of making so complete and entire a separa
tion of all the different branches of labour employed in agri
culture is perhaps the reason why the improvement of the
productive powers of labour in this art does not always keep
pace with their improvement in manufactures. The most
opulent nations, indeed, generally excel all their neighbours in
agriculture as well as in manufactures ; but they are commonly
more distinguished by their superiority in the latter than in the
former. Their lands are in general better cultivated, and having
more labour and expense bestowed upon them, produce more
in proportion to the extent and natural fertility of the ground.
But this superiority of produce is seldom much more than in
proportion to the superiority of labour and expense. In agri
culture, the labour of the rich country is not always much more
productive than that of the poor; or, at least, it is never so
much more productive as it commonly is in manufactures. The
corn of the rich country, therefore, will not always, in the same



The Division of Labour 7

degree of goodness, come cheaper to market than that of the
poor. The corn of Poland, in the same degree of goodness,
is as cheap as that of France, notwithstanding the superior
opulence and improvement of the latter country. The corn of
France is, in the corn provinces, fully as good, and in most
years nearly about the same price with the corn of- England,
though, in opulence and improvement, France is perhaps in
ferior to England. The corn-lands of England, however, are
better cultivated than those of France, and the corn-lands of
France are said to be much better cultivated than those of
Poland. But though the poor country, notwithstanding the
inferiority of its cultivation, can, in some measure, rival the
rich in the cheapness and goodness of its corn, it can pretend
to no such competition in its manufactures; at least if those
manufactures suit the soil, climate, and situation of the rich
country. The silks of France are better and cheaper than those
of England, because the silk manufacture, at least under the
present high duties upon the importation of raw silk, does not
so well suit the climate of England as that of France. But the
hardware and the coarse woollens of England are beyond all
comparison superior to those of France, and much cheaper too
in the same degree of goodness. In Poland there are said to
be scarce any manufactures of any kind, a few of those coarser
household manufactures excepted, without which no country
can well subsist.

This great increase of the quantity of work which, in conse
quence of the division of labour, the same number of people are
capable of performing, is owing to three different circumstances;
first, to the increase of dexterity in every particular workman;
secondly, to the saving of the time which is commonly lost in
passing from one species of work to another; and lastly, to the
invention of a great number of machines which facilitate and
abridge labour, and enable one man to do the work of many.

First, the improvement of the dexterity of the workman
necessarily increases the quantity of the work he can perform;
and the division of labour, by reducing every man s business to
some one simple operation, and by making this operation the
sole employment of his life, necessarily increases very much the
dexterity of the workman. A common smith, who, though
accustomed to handle the hammer, has never been used to make
nails, if upon some particular occasion he is obliged to attempt
it, will scarce, I am assured, be able to make above two or three
hundred nails in a day, and those too very bad ones. A smith


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